Exclusive breastfeeding and other foods in the first six months of life: effects on nutritional status and body composition of Brazilian children.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding and consumption of other foods in the first six months of life in the nutritional status and body composition of children. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 185 children aged from 4 to 7 years was monitored during the first months of life in a program of support to breastfeeding. We evaluated weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition by using DEXA. The nutritional status was assessed by the BMI/age index. The parameters of adiposity were classified by using as the cutoff point, the 85th percentile of the sample itself, according to gender and age. Confounding factors considered were variables related to maternal, pregnancy, birth, sociodemographic, health, lifestyle, and diet. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, the latter by means of multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The median exclusive breastfeeding was 3 months. Of the children, 42.7% received cow's milk and 35.7% received infant formula. Regarding nutritional status, 21.1% of the children showed changes. The variables of infant feeding were not independently associated with nutritional status and body composition of the children and there were no differences between the groups studied. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding was not a protective factor to overweight and body fat in children.

Influência do excesso de peso corporal e da adiposidade central na glicemia e no perfil lipídico de pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Influence of body weight excess and central adiposity in glycemic and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar, em pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2, a influência do excesso de peso corporal avaliado pelo IMC e da adiposidade central aferida pela circunferência da cintura (CC) no perfil lipídico sangüíneo e na glicemia de jejum. Foram avaliados 145 indivíduos atendidos em uma unidade de saúde, com idade > 20 anos. A freqüência do sexo feminino foi de 61,4 por cento. Nos homens, o excesso de peso correlacionou-se com o HDL (r = -0,34, p < 0,05), colesterol total (r = 0,35, p < 0,01) e triglicerídeos (r = 0,49, p < 0,0001), sendo que nas mulheres houve correlação apenas com os triglicerídeos (r = 0,24, p < 0,05). A CC correlacionou-se com a glicemia de jejum nas mulheres (r = 0,3, p < 0,01), com o colesterol total nos homens (r = 0,33, p < 0,05) e com os triglicerídeos em ambos os sexos (F: r = 0,22, p < 0,05; M: r = 0,49, p < 0,001). Maiores níveis glicêmicos e de triglicerídeos estiveram presentes nos pacientes com excesso de peso e adiposidade central e menores níveis de HDL estiveram associados ao excesso de peso. Conclui-se que há associação entre inadequado perfil metabólico e excesso de peso e/ou adiposidade central, evidenciando a necessidade de intervenção nutricional e clínica em pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2 de forma a reduzir o risco de complicações crônicas futuras.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, in diabetic type 2 patients, the influence of body weight excess assessed by BMI and the central adiposity assessed by the waist circumference in the lipid and glycemic profile. One hundred and forty five individuals assisted in a unit of health, aged > 20 years old, were appraised. The female frequency was 61.4 percent. Among men, the weight excess was correlated with HDL (r = -0.34, p < 0.05), with the total cholesterol (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), and with the triglycerides (r = 49, p < 0.0001), and among women there was correlation just with the triglycerides (r = 0.24, p < 0,05). Waist circumference was correlated with the fast glycemia women's group (r = 0.3, p < 0.01), with the total cholesterol among men (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and with triglycerides in both genders (F: r = 0.22, p < 0.05; M: r = 0.49, p < 0.001). Highest glycemic and triglycerides levels were present in patients with excess body weight and central adiposity and lower HDL levels were present in patients with body weight excess. In conclusion, there is association between inadequate metabolic profile and the excess of body weight and/or central obesity, evidencing the need for a nutritional and clinical intervention in the diabetic type 2 patients, in order to reduce the risk of future chronic complications.

[Influence of body weight excess and central adiposity in glycemic and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. / Influência do excesso de peso corporal e da adiposidade central na glicemia e no perfil lipídico de pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, in diabetic type 2 patients, the influence of body weight excess assessed by BMI and the central adiposity assessed by the waist circumference in the lipid and glycemic profile. One hundred and forty five individuals assisted in a unit of health, aged >or= 20 years old, were appraised. The female frequency was 61.4%. Among men, the weight excess was correlated with HDL (r = -0.34, p < 0.05), with the total cholesterol (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), and with the triglycerides (r = 49, p < 0.0001), and among women there was correlation just with the triglycerides (r = 0.24, p < 0,05). Waist circumference was correlated with the fast glycemia women's group (r = 0.3, p < 0.01), with the total cholesterol among men (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and with triglycerides in both genders (F: r = 0.22, p < 0.05; M: r = 0.49, p < 0.001). Highest glycemic and triglycerides levels were present in patients with excess body weight and central adiposity and lower HDL levels were present in patients with body weight excess. In conclusion, there is association between inadequate metabolic profile and the excess of body weight and/or central obesity, evidencing the need for a nutritional and clinical intervention in the diabetic type 2 patients, in order to reduce the risk of future chronic complications.